英研發採集指紋新技術 歹徒擦掉的一樣能現形

新指紋鑑定術為邊檢反恐添利器  分類：科學新知篇2007/08/08 15:33




英研發採集指紋新技術 歹徒擦掉的一樣能現形





（路透倫敦6日電）這是一項連福爾摩斯（Sherlock Holmes）都會引以為傲的發明。英國科學家發展出新打擊犯罪技術，讓警方即使在犯罪者擦掉彈殼上指紋的情況下，還是可以採集到指紋。 開發出這種技術的物理學家龐德（John Bond）說，英國和美國當局已經利用這種方式重新調查三起陳年懸案，包括美國一名雙屍謀殺案，現在警方樂觀的認為可望破案。 英國列斯特大學（University of Leicester）研究員、諾特漢普頓郡（Northamptonshire）警局顧問龐德說：「其中一個案子有充足證據可找出兇手。」 傳統採指紋方式已經使用了100多年，利用手指接觸物體後留下汗液來製造化學反應呈現出指紋圖像給警方使用。但是如果用化學品擦去汗液，就很難與採集指紋的化學藥物起作用，這時一般的方式就無用武之地。 新技術利用汗水與子彈、炸彈的金屬部分接觸造成的細微腐蝕，用細粉覆蓋金屬部份，然後用強力電流讓粉末附著在腐蝕區，藉此產生指紋，這種方式讓警方能在即使沒有汗液殘留，也能採到指紋，揪出犯罪者。中央社（翻譯）source:http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/080907/16/15h8c.html







LONDON (Reuters) – It's a discovery that would make even Sherlock Holmes proud. British scientists have developed a new crime-fighting technique that allows police to lift fingerprints from bullets even if a criminal has wiped down a shell casing.



Authorities in Britain and the United States used the method to re-open three cold cases, including a U.S. double murder that police are now optimistic of solving, said John Bond, the physicist who developed the technique.



"In one case there was enough evidence that could lead to an identification of an offender," said Bond, a researcher at the University of Leicester and consultant at Northamptonshire Police in Britain.



The conventional method of taking fingerprints has been around for more than 100 years and involves creating a chemical reaction with the sweat left behind on an object to produce an image police can use.



But if a criminal wipes away the sweat, there is little left to react with the chemical and regular methods are useless, Bond said in a telephone interview.



The new technique allows police to outwit a criminal and produce a fingerprint even if there is no sweat impression to work with.



The British experts focused on hair-width bits of corrosion that sweat often leaves on certain metals in bullets and bombs.



They cover the metal with a fine powder and apply a strong electrical charge that makes the dust stick to the corroded areas, producing a potential fingerprint, Bond said.



"That very fine powder only sticks to the metal where it is corroded, which means it is only sticking where the fingerprint is and means you see the image of the fingerprint," said Bond, whose team has published its findings in the Journal of Forensic Sciences and the Journal of Applied Physics.



The technique is not foolproof and some people do not secrete enough salt in their sweat to corrode the metal to the point police can get a print, he added.



But for some seemingly dead-end cases it can provide crucial evidence and point to the person who loaded a gun used in a crime, Bond said.



Detective Christopher King of the Kingsland Police Department in Georgia sought the British team's help to crack an unsolved 10-year-old double murder case and said the method had helped reignite the investigation.



"The results are surprising but to say that I am pleased would be an underestimate," he said in a statement. "I feel very optimistic."



(Reporting by Michael Kahn; Editing by Maggie Fox and Mark Trevelyan)



http://news.yahoo.com/story//nm/20080905/sc_nm/crime_fingerprints_dc



Genetic fingerprinting:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_fingerprinting







凝膠帶保留指紋體液 可分析罪犯性別、飲食習慣與種族



新指紋鑑定術為邊檢反恐添利器





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【大紀元8月8日訊】（大紀元記者任愛琳綜合編譯報導）近期《分析化學》(Analytical Chemistry)專業刊物指出，有別傳統的指紋鑑定方法，一項新指紋鑑定技術(finger-printing detection technique)將更能準確地辨認潛在罪犯的身份。這一技術有望在邊關監測和反恐識別上起到重大作用。







一直以來，指紋因人而異的獨特性被用於辨別個人身份。由倫敦皇家學院(Imperial College London)化學工程系卡扎瑞恩(Sergei Kazarian)教授領導的研究團隊發現，使用警方以往用來採集腳印的特殊凝膠帶(gelatine-based gel tape)採集指紋，可保留指紋中的少數汗液、油脂和其他體液，而結合了在分光顯微鏡(spectroscopic microscope)下觀察的化學分析，指紋鑑定技術可以為犯罪鑑識科學帶來更準確的依據。卡扎瑞恩教授長達五年的研究發現，透過分析每個人指紋中不同的化學成分組成，能夠找出分辨受試者身份的線索。







這個新技術比起以往用粉末、化學物和膠帶來提取指紋的傳統技術，更能保留指紋中的「重要證據」使其不受破壞，而且採集方式更加方便及容易。藉由指紋體液的化學分析，即使警方沒有現有的指紋記錄，這項高科技仍能提供此人身份的相關線索，包括罪犯的性別、年齡、飲食習慣、種族等。例如，若化學分析指出體液中的尿素含量較高，就可以初步確認指紋的主人是男性；如果尼古丁含量較高，表示指紋的主人有抽菸；而胺基酸(amino acids)的成分可以辨別此人是吃素或食肉；脂肪酸(fatty acid)則可以看出其種族來源。這項新技術甚至精細到可以追溯嫌疑犯接觸過的危險物質，如火藥、毒品、爆炸物、生化武器等。











反恐新利器







科學家藉由分析指紋化學殘留物的變質程度，能夠猜測犯罪的場景及相當準確的作案時間。卡扎瑞恩教授希望執法機構能提供協助讓這項技術繼續發展，使得這項技術在未來不但能廣泛應用到犯罪現場的證據採集，而且指紋的化學影像也可以成為呈堂的關鍵證據。卡扎瑞恩教授說：「我們希望這項新科技能協助執法機關將犯罪份子一網打盡。」







這項先進的新技術也提供了提早偵測恐怖攻擊事件發生的可能性。如果有恐怖份子企圖轟炸倫敦地鐵系統，透過留在地鐵車票機器以及車門的指紋，防恐警察可以追蹤到炸藥的物質，再藉由敏銳的偵測器來追蹤這些恐怖份子的行動。











強化入境指紋檢測







美國國土安全部自2004年1月5日開始在美國115個機場和14港口投入運行「美國訪客身份確認」系統以來，已過去3年8個月。這套系統旨在確保入境者和當初簽證申請者為同一人，身份不至於被恐怖份子冒名頂替。這套系統使用生物辨識技術，通過掃瞄儀取得入境者兩食指的指紋，然後系統自動從數據庫調取有關信息。這套系統使用至今，媒體報道說準確率相當令人滿意。







如果將上述的指紋體液鑑定新技術用於目前的邊境指紋檢測程式中，相信效果將會錦上添花，因為可以得到的信息不僅是與指紋相關的信息，而且還可以得到入境者的性別、年齡、飲食習慣、種族等信息，能夠更位有效地辨識是否某個人的身份被他人冒名頂替。







資料來源：英國Functionpix網站、美聯社、芝加哥太陽報









Chemical imaging: potential new crime busting tool

A new fingerprinting technique could potentially detect the diet, race and sex of a suspected criminal

A new fingerprinting technique could potentially detect the diet, race and sex of a suspected criminal, according to new research published in the August edition of the journal Analytical Chemistry.



The team, led by Professor Sergei Kazarian from Imperial College London Department of Chemical Engineering, has devised a technique which collects fingerprints along with their chemical residue and keeps them intact for future reference.



Chemical residues contain a few millionths of a gram of fluid and can be found on all fingerprints. Conventional fingerprinting techniques often distort or destroy vital chemical information with no easy way of lifting residues for chemical imaging, until now.



Imperial scientists found that the use of gel tapes, commercial gelatine based tape, provides a simple method for collection and transportation of prints for chemical imaging analysis.



The prints, once lifted, are analysed in a spectroscopic microscope. The sample is irradiated with infrared rays to identify individual molecules within the print to give a detailed chemical composition.



The information is then processed by an infrared array detector, originally developed by the U.S. military in smart missile technology. The array detector chemically maps the residue. This process builds up a picture, or chemical photograph, and allows for the most comprehensive information obtained from a fingerprint.



He combined operational advantages and benefits for forensic scientists of tape lifting prints and spectroscopic imaging really maximises the amount of information one can obtain from fingerprints. Our trials show that this technique could play a significant role in the fight against crime,?said Professor Kazarian.



In many cases, this information is enough to determine valuable clues about a person beyond the fingerprint itself. It could potentially identify traces of items people came in contact with, such as gunpowder, narcotics and biological or chemical weapons.



Chemical clues could also highlight specific traits in a person. A strong trace of urea, a chemical found in urine, could indicate a male. Weak traces of urea in a chemical sample could indicate a female. Specific amino acids could potentially indicate whether the suspect was a vegetarian or meat-eater.



Professor Kazarian believes that this technique could allow forensic scientists to observe how fingerprints change in time and within different environments.



You focussing on what is left in a fingerprint after periods of time, scientists could potentially gauge how old a crime scene is. Studying what happens to prints, when they are exposed to high temperatures, could also be particularly significant, especially in arson cases where lifting prints has been notoriously hard,?he said.



Speculating about the possible future benefits of this process, Professor Sergei Kazarian said:



In the courtroom of the near future, chemical images could feature as key evidence. I hope our work assists law enforcement authorities to bring dangerous criminals to justice.



source:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/08/03/nfinger103.xml







Fingerprints can reveal race and sex











http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/08/03/nfinger103.xml